SACRAMENTO, CA—Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Defenders of Wildlife and the Center for Food Safety ("Pollinator Petitioners") filed a motion to intervene in litigation over the California Fish and Game Commission's June 2019 decision to list the Franklin's, suckley cuckoo, crotch and western bumble bees ("California Native Bees") as candidate species under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA). The Pollinator Petitioners are seeking to join in litigation to defend the Fish and Game Commission from a challenge contending that California Native Bees cannot be listed under CESA. 

Bumble bees are integral to the healthy functioning of California ecosystems and farming systems, but many species have been in decline for years due to land use change, pesticide overuse and disease spread by commercially reared bumble bees. A United Nations report found that pollinators vital to our food supply are under threat and that more than 40% of species may be at risk of extinction. One out of every three bites of food is dependent on pollinators such as bees. 

"The Fish and Game Commission recognized the importance of our native pollinator species to our state's agriculture production and ecosystem when it decided to list these California native bees as candidate species under the State's Endangered Species Act," said Rebecca Spector, West Coast Director at Center for Food Safety. "Defending the Commission's decision so that the Commission may carry out its legal duties is critical to ensuring a healthy future for our state's agriculture and environment."

Strong scientific evidence shows that several bumble bee species in California are imperiled and in need of immediate conservation attention. From the flower fields of the Carrizo Plain to the montane meadows of the Sierra Nevada, bees are essential to maintaining our native ecosystems as well as the reproduction of many of California's specialty crops. Conserving native pollinators within the state is paramount to maintaining the state's natural heritage, as recognized in California's Biodiversity Initiative, which calls for fallowed agricultural land to be transformed into habitat for bees, creating a "pollinator highway" across the state.

"The state of California has shown real leadership in protecting its vulnerable native bees," said Sarina Jepsen, director of the Xerces Society's endangered species program and coauthor of the petition. "Conserving native pollinators will benefit both agriculture and native ecosystems."

Protecting these species of pollinating bees will help to maintain the healthy ecosystems that make California such a remarkable and productive state. More than 80% of all terrestrial plant species require an animal pollinator (usually an insect) to reproduce. About one-third of food production depends on pollinators, and 75% of all fruits and vegetables produce higher yields when visited by pollinators. California accounts for more than 13% of the nation's total agricultural value and safeguarding the state's pollinators is an important component of protecting California's agricultural legacy.

"If California is going to play a part in saving our biodiversity and stopping the current extinction crisis, we must be able to protect all species, including these bees, under the California Endangered Species Act," stated Kim Delfino, California Program Director for Defenders of Wildlife. "Current regulations have proven insufficient to reverse the sharp decline in native bee populations and protection under CESA is the last line of defense if we hope to keep these four bee species from going extinct."

The Pollinator Petitioners contend that the Fish and Game Commission has clear legal authority under CESA to place insects on the California Endangered Species List. There is also strong scientific support that these four bee species meet the requirements for listing. Under the current regulatory timeline, the Commission is likely to make a final decision to place these four species on the endangered species list this year, making these bees the first invertebrate pollinators placed on the state endangered species list. Placement on the endangered species list will protect these native species from 'take', including activities that could cause them to go extinct, and will allow for additional conservation measures to be implemented. Efforts are already underway to restore habitat for bees on farms and in cities throughout California. An increased investment in pollinator habitat, along with protection from insecticides and pathogens, will be required to prevent these bumble bees from going extinct.

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Bumble Bee Profiles

— Crotch's bumble bee (Bombus crotchii), a bee with yellow, black and often orange on its abdomen, is considered Endangered by the International Union of the Conservation of Nature (IUCN); it only persists in 20% of its historic range, and has declined by 98% in relative abundance (its abundance relative to other species of bumble bees). This bee historically occurred from the northern Central Valley to Baja Mexico, but currently persists primarily in southern coastal habitats and some areas to the north and southwest of Sacramento.

— The western bumble bee (Bombus occidentalis occidentalis) has a range that extends across the western U.S. and southern Canada. In California, it was historically known from the northern part of the state, the coastal region, and the mountains. It currently persists primarily in the Sierra Nevada; its relative abundance has declined by 84%.

—The Suckley cuckoo bumble bee (Bombus suckleyi) was historically found throughout the western U.S. As a cuckoo bumble bee, it is found only where its host species of bumble bees, including the western bumble bee, remain. It is considered Critically Endangered by the IUCN and its range has declined by 58%.

—Franklin's bumble bee (Bombus franklini), which historically occurred in an area about 60 miles wide in the Siskiyou Mountains of northern California and southern Oregon may already be extinct. Despite extensive annual surveys by Dr. Robbin Thorp, professor emeritus at the University of California–Davis, Franklin's bumble bee has not been seen since 2006.
 

Read the CESA petition >>

Read the Intervention Motion >> 

Photos are available here >>